The House of Brunswick-Lüneburg2
House of Welf - Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg
  Otto I, the Child (1235-1252) 
House of Welf
  John (1252-1277) 
  Otto II, the Severe (1277-1330) 
  Otto III (1330-1352) 
  William (1330-1369) 
Old Line of Brunswick
  Albert I, the Great (1252-1279) 
  Henry the Singular (1279-1286) 
  William (1279-1292) 
  Albert II, the Fat (1279-1318) 
  Otto the Mild (1318-1344) 
  Ernest (1344-1345) 
  Magnus I, the Pious (1344-1369) 
  Magnus II, the Younger (1369-1373) 
  Frederick (1373-1400) 
Middle Line of Lüneburg
  Henry I (1388-1416) 
  William I, the Victorious (1416-1428) 
  Bernard I (1428-1434) 
  Frederick the Pious (1434-1441) 
  Otto I, the Lame (1434-1446) 
  Frederick the Pious (1446-1458) 
  Bernard II (1458-1464) 
  Otto II (1464-1471) 
  Henry II, the Middle (1471-1522) 
  Otto III (1522-1527) 
  Ernest I, the Confessor (1522-1546) 
  Francis (1536-1539) 
  Francis Otto (1546-1559) 
Middle Line of Brunswick
  Bernard I (1388-1428) 
  William I, the Victorious (1428-1482) 
  Henry the Pacific (1432-1473) 
  Frederick (1482-1484) 
  William II, the Younger (1482-1495) 
Line of Calenberg
  Erik I, the Elder (1495-1540) 
  Erik II, the Younger (1540-1584) 
Line of Wolfenbüttel
  Henry I, the Elder (1495-1514) 
  Henry II, the Younger (1514-1568) 
  Julius (1568-1589) 
  Henry Julius (1589-1613) 
  Frederick Ulrich (1613-1634) 
New Line of Lüneburg
  William the Younger (1559-1592) 
  Ernest II (1592-1611) 
  Christian (1611-1633) 
  Augustus the Elder (1633-1636) 
  George (1636-1641) 
  Frederick (1636-1648) 
  Christian Louis (1641-1665) 
  George William (1648-1705) 
  John Frederick (1665-1679) 
Electors of Hanover
  Ernest Augustus (1679-1698) 
  George Louis (1698-1727) 
  Union with England (1727-1837)
Kings of Hanover
  Ernest Augustus (1837-1851) 
  George V (1851-1866) 
  Union with Prussia in 1866
New Line of Brunswick - Dukes of Brunswick
  Henry (1559-1598) 
  Julius Ernest (1598-1636) 
  Augustus the Younger (1636-1666) 
  Rudolf Augustus (1666-1704) 
  Anthony Ulrich (1704-1714) 
  Augustus William (1714-1731) 
  Louis Rudolf (1731-1735) 
Line of Bevern
  Ferdinand Albert (1735) 
  Charles I (1735-1780) 
  Charles William Ferdinand (1780-1806) 
  Frederick William (1806-1815) 
  Charles II (1815-1830) 
  William (1830-1884) 
  Albert of Prussia (1885-1906) 
  John Albert of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1907-1913) 
Line of Hanover
  Ernest Augustus (1913-1918) 
  Proclamation of a Republic in 1918

The House of Hesse2
Landgraves of Hesse
  Henry I, the Child (1264-1308) 
  Henry the Younger (1284-1298, co-regent) 
  John (1308-1311) 
  Otto (1308-1328) 
  Henry II, the Iron (1328-1376) 
  Herman the Learned (1376-1413) 
  Louis II, the Peaceful (1413-1458) 
Old Line of Upper Hesse
  Henry III, the Rich (1458-1483) 
  William III, the Younger (1483-1500) 
Old Line of Lower Hesse
  Louis III, the Frank (1458-1471) 
  William I, the Elder (1471-1493) 
Landgraves of Hesse
  William II, the Middle (1493-1509) 
  Philip the Magnanimous (1509-1567) 
Line of Cassel
  William IV, the Wise (1567-1592) 
  Maurice the Learned (1592-1627) 
  William V, the Constant (1627-1637) 
  William VI, the Just (1637-1663) 
  William VII (1663-1670) 
  Charles (1670-1730) 
  Frederick I (1730-1751) 
  William VIII (1751-1760) 
  Frederick II (1760-1785) 
Electors of Hesse
  William IX (I) (1785-1821) 
  William II (1821-1847) 
  Frederick William I (1847-1866) 
Line of Darmstadt
  George I, the Pious (1567-1596) 
  Louis V, the Faithful (1596-1626) 
  George II (1626-1661) 
  Louis VI (1661-1678) 
  Louis VII (1678) 
  Ernest Louis (1678-1739) 
  Louis VIII (1739-1768) 
  Louis IX (1768-1790) 
Grand Dukes of Hesse
  Louis X (I) (1790-1830) 
  Louis II (1830-1848) 
  Louis III (1848-1877) 
  Louis IV (1877-1892) 
  Ernest Louis (1892-1918) 
  Proclamation of a Republic in 1918

The House of Hohenzollern3
Electors of Brandenburg
  Frederick I (1415-1440) 
  Frederick the Fat (1440-1463) 
  Frederick II, the Iron Margrave (1440-1470) 
  Albert Achilles (1470-1486) 
  John Cicero (1486-1499) 
  Joachim I, Nestor (1499-1535) 
  John (1535-1571) 
  Joachim II, Hector (1535-1571) 
  John George (1571-1598) 
  Joachim Frederick (1598-1608) 
  John Sigismund (1608-1620) 
  George William (1620-1640) 
  Frederick William (1640-1688) 
Kings of Prussia
  Frederick III (I) (1688-1713) 
  Frederick William I (1713-1740) 
  Frederick II, the Great (1740-1786) 
  Frederick William II (1786-1797) 
  Frederick William III (1797-1840) 
  Frederick William IV (1840-1861) 
German Emperors
  William I (1861-1888) 
  Frederick III (1888) 
  William II (1888-1918) 
  Proclamation of a Republic in 1918
Dukes of Prussia
  Albert (1525-1568) 
  Albert Frederick (1568-1618) 
  Union with Brandenburg

House of Liectenstein6
Margraves of Baden
  John Adam I (1699-1712) 
  Joseph Wenceslas (1712-1718) 
Margraves of Baden
  Anthony Florian (1718-1721) 
  Joseph John (1721-1732) 
  John Charles (1732-1748) 
  Joseph Wenceslas (1748-1772) 
  Francis Joseph I (1772-1781) 
  Aloysius I (1781-1805) 
  John I (1805-1836) 
  Aloysius II (1836-1858) 
  John II, the Good (1858-1929) 
  Francis I (1929-1938) 
  Francis Joseph II (1928-1989) 
  John Adam II (1989- , regent 1984-1989) 

The House of Wettin4
Electors of Saxony
  Frederick I, the Warlike (1423-1428) 
  Frederick the Gentle (1428-1464) 
Ernestine Line - Electors of Saxony
  Ernest (1464-1486) 
  Frederick III, the Wise (1486-1525) 
  John the Constant (1525-1532) 
  John Frederick the magnanimous (1532-1547) 
Albertine Line - Electors of Saxony
  Albert the Bold (1464-1500) 
  George the Bearded (1500-1539) 
  Henry the Pious (1539-1541) 
Electors of Saxony
  Maurice (1541-1553) 
  Augustus (1553-1586) 
  Christian I (1586-1591) 
  Christian II (1591-1611) 
  John George I (1611-1656) 
  John George II (1656-1680) 
  John George III (1680-1691) 
  John George IV (1691-1694) 
  Frederick Augustus I, the Strong (1694-1733) 
  Frederick Augustus II (1733-1763) 
  Frederick Christian (1763) 
Kings of Saxony
  Frederick Augustus III (I) (1763-1827) 
  Anthony (1827-1836) 
  Frederick Augustus II (1836-1854) 
  John (1854-1873) 
  Albert (1873-1902) 
  George (1902-1904) 
  Frederick Augustus III (1904-1918) 
  Proclamation of a Republic in 1918

Wittelsbachs of Bavaria5
Dukes of Bavaria
  Otto I (1180-1183) 
  Louis I, the Kelheimer (1183-1231) 
  Otto II, the Noble (1231-1253) 
Line of Lower Bavaria
  Henry XIII (1253-1290) 
  Louis III (1290-1296) 
  Stephen I (1296-1309) 
  Otto III (1290-1312) 
  Otto IV (1309-1334) 
  Henry XIV, the Elder (1309-1339) 
  Henry XIII (921-929) 
  Henry XV, the Natternberger (1312-1333) 
  John I, the Child (1339-1340) 
Line of Upper Bavaria
  Louis II, the Severe (1253-1294) 
  Rudolf I (1294-1317) 
Dukes of Bavaria
  Louis IV, the Bavarian (1294-1347) 
Line of Upper Bavaria
  Louis VI, the Roman (1347-1351) 
  Otto V (1347-1351) 
  Louis V, the Brandenburger (1347-1361) 
  Meinhard (1361-1363) 
Line of Lower Bavaria-Straubing
  William I (1347-1358) 
  Albert I (1347-1404) 
  Albert II (1387-1397) 
  John III (1404-1425) 
Line of Lower Bavaria-Landshut
  Stephen II (1347-1375) 
  Frederick (1375-1393) 
  Henry XVI, the Rich (1393-1450) 
  Louis IX, the Rich (1450-1479) 
  George, the Rich (1479-1503) 
Line of Lower Bavaria-Ingolstadt
  Stephen III, the Magnificent (1375-1413) 
  Louis VII, the Beaded (1413-1443) 
  Louis VIII, the Younger (1443-1445) 
Line of Lower Bavaria-Munich
  John II (1375-1397) 
  William III (1397-1435) 
  Ernest (1397-1438) 
  Albert III, the Pious (1438-1460) 
  John IV (1460-1463) 
  Sigismund (1460-1467) 
Dukes of Bavaria
  Albert IV, the Wise (1465-1508) 
  William IV (1508-1550) 
  Louis X (1516-1545) 
  Albert V (1550-1579) 
  William V, the Pious (1579-1597) 
Electors of Bavaria
  Maximilian I (1597-1651) 
  Ferdinand Maria (1651-1679) 
  Maximilian II Emanuel (1679-1726) 
  Charles Albert (1726-1745) 
  Maximilian III Joseph (1745-1777) 
Line of Sulzbach
  Charles Theodore (1777-1799) 
Line of Zweibrücken - Kings of Bavaria
  Maximilian IV (I) Joseph (1799-1825) 
  Louis I (1825-1848) 
  Maximilian II (1848-1864) 
  Louis II (1864-1886) 
  Luitpold (regent: 1886-1912) 
  Otto (1886-1913) 
  Louis III (1913-1918) 
  Proclamation of the Republic in 1918

Wittelsbachs of the Palatinate6
Electors of the Palatinate
  Rudolf II (1329-1353) 
  Rupert I (1353-1390) 
  Rupert II (1390-1398) 
  Rupert III (1398-1410) 
  Louis III (1410-1436) 
  Louis IV, the Gentle (1436-1449) 
  Frederick I, the Victorious (1452-1476, regent: 1449-1452) 
  Philip the Upright (1476-1508) 
  Louis V (1508-1544) 
  Frederick II (1544-1556) 
  Otto Henry (1556-1559) 
Line of Simmern
  Frederick III, the Pious (1559-1576) 
  Louis VI (1576-1583) 
  Frederick IV (1583-1610) 
  Frederick V, the Winter King (1610-1623) 
  Electorate awarded to Bavaria (1623-1648)   Charles I Louis (1648-1680) 
  Charles II (1680-1685) 
Line of Neuberg
  Philip William (1685-1690) 
  John William (1690-1716) 
  Charles III Philip (1716-1742) 
Line of Sulzbach
  Charles IV Theodore (1742-1799) 
  Unified with Bavaria in 1777

House of Württemberg6
Counts of Württemberg
  Ulrich I, the Founder (1241-1265) 
  Ulrich II (1265-1279) 
  Eberhard I, the Noble (1279-1325) 
  Ulrich III (1325-1344) 
  Ulrich IV (1344-1362) 
  Eberhard II, the Quarrelsome (1344-1362) 
  Eberhard III, the Mild (1392-1417) 
  Eberhard IV, the Younger (1417-1419) 
Line of Stuttgart
  Ulrich V, the Beloved (1419-1480) 
  Eberhard VI, the Younger (1480-1482) 
Line of Urach
  Louis I, the Elder (1419-1450) 
  Louis II, the Younger (1450-1457) 
Dukes of Württemberg
  Eberhard V (I), the Bearded (1457-1496) 
  Eberhard II, the Younger (1496-1498) 
  Ulrich (1498-1550) 
  Christopher (1550-1568) 
  Louis (1568-1593) 
  Frederick I of Mömpelgard (1593-1608) 
  John Frederick (1608-1628) 
  Eberhard III (1628-1674) 
  William Louis (1674-1677) 
  Eberhard Louis (1677-1733) 
  Charles Alexander (1733-1737) 
  Charles Eugene (1737-1793) 
  Louis Eugene (1793-1795) 
  Frederick Eugene (1795-1797) 
Kings of Württemberg
  Frederick II (I) (1797-1816) 
  William I (1816-1864) 
  Charles (1864-1891) 
  William II (1891-1918) 
  Proclamation of the Republic in 1918

House of Zähringen6
Margraves of Baden
  Herman I (1064-1073) 
  Herman II (1073-1130) 
  Herman III (1130-1160) 
  Herman IV (1160-1190) 
  Herman V (1190-1243) 
  Herman VI (1243-1250) 
  Rudolf I (1243-1288) 
  Frederick I (1250-1268) 
  Herman VII (1288-1291) 
  Rudolf II (11288-1295) 
  Hesso (1288-1297) 
  Rudolf III (1288-1332) 
  Frederick II (1291-1333) 
  Rudolf IV (1291-1348) 
  Rudolf Hesso (1297-1335) 
  Herman VIII (1333-1353) 
  Frederick III, the Pacific (1348-1353) 
  Rudolf V (1348-1361) 
  Rudolf VI (1353-1372) 
  Rudolf VII (1372-1391) 
  Bernard I (1372-1431) 
  James I (1431-1453) 
  George (1453-1454) 
  Bernard II (1453-1458) 
  Charles I (1453-1475) 
  Christopher I (1475-1515) 
  Philip I (1515-1533) 
Line of Baden
  Bernard III (1515-1536) 
  Christopher II (1536-1556) 
  Philibert (1536-1569) 
  Philip II (1569-1588) 
  Edward Fortunatus (1588-1594) 
  United with Baden-Duralch (1594-1622)   William (1622-1677) 
  Louis William (1677-1707) 
  Louis George (1707-1761) 
  Augustus George (1761-1771) 
Line of Durlach
  Ernest (1515-1552) 
  Bernard IV (1552-1553) 
  Charles II (1552-1577) 
  James III (1577-1590) 
  Ernest Frederick (1577-1604) 
  George Frederick (1577-1622) 
  Ernest James (1590-1591) 
  Frederick V (1622-1659) 
  Frederick VI (1659-1677) 
  Frederick Magnus (1677-1709) 
  Charles William (1709-1738) 
Grand Dukes of Baden
  Charles Frederick (1738-1811) 
  Charles (1811-1818) 
  Louis I (1818-1830) 
  Leopold (1830-1852) 
  Louis II (1852-1856) 
  Frederick I (1856-1907) 
  Frederick II (1907-1918) 
  Proclamation of the Republic in 1918


  1. [S38] John Morby, Dynasties of the World (Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 1989), page 122-124.
  2. [S38] ibid., pages 135-136.
  3. [S38] ibid., page 137.
  4. [S38] ibid., page 138.
  5. [S38] ibid., pages 139-140.
  6. [S38] ibid., page 141.
  Notes:
   Morby gives all names and titles in English, rather than the original German.