Person Page - 10141

     Laura Martinozzi is the daughter of Hieronymus Martinozzi and Laura Mazarini.¹ She married Alfonso IV d'Este, Duca di Modena, son of Francesco I d'Este, Duca di Modena and Mary Farnese, on 27 May 1655. She died on 19 July 1687.

     William III Henry of Orange, King of Great Britain was born on 4 November 1650.⁴ He was the son of Willem II von Nassau-Dillenburg, Prince of Orange and Mary Henrietta Stuart, Princess Royal of Great Britain. He married Mary II Stuart, Queen of Great Britain, daughter of James II Stuart, King of Great Britain and Lady Anne Hyde, on 4 November 1677 at St. James's Palace, St. James's, London, England.⁵ He died on 8 March 1702 at age 51 at Kensington Palace, Kensington, London, England, in a hunting accident.⁴ He was buried at Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, England.⁴
     William III Henry of Orange, King of Great Britain and Elizabeth Villiers were associated.⁶ He succeeded to the title of Stadholder of the United Provinces of the Netherlands on 6 November 1650.⁴ He was invested as a Knight, Order of the Garter (K.G.) on 25 April 1653.⁴ He gained the title of Graf von Nassau-Dillenburg in 1672.⁴ He gained the title of Prince of Orange from 1672 to 1702. He gained the title of King William III of Great Britain on 13 February 1689.¹ He was crowned King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith on 11 April 1689 at Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, England.¹
     William and Mary were joint sovereigns as both had a good claim to the throne. William's object in taking the throne was to ensure that England remained part of the Grand Alliance against France who had territorial ambitions in Europe. William agreed to a Parliamentary demand for constitutional changes which permitted non-conformist Christians the right of worship; ensured that the Commons controlled Royal expenditure; provided for a new parliament to be called every 3 years; made the appointment of judges subject to parliamentary approval and, perhaps most important, laid down that only Protestants could succeed to the throne. William fought against the French and although reducing their power they were not decisively beaten. In 1690 William defeated James II and his French allies at the Battle of the Boyne in Ireland and the expenses of these wars necessitated the creation of the National Debt and this partly led to the establishment of the Bank of England in 1694. Queen Mary died of smallpox in 1694 and was buried at Westminster Abbey. The menace of France remained and William appointed John Churchill, Earl of Marlborough, Commander-in-Chief of the Grand Alliance. He has an extensive biographical entry in the Dictionary of National Biography.⁷
     

     Ernst August I Kurfürst von Hannover was born on 20 November 1629 at Herzberg, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany.⁵ He was the son of Georg Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg and Anne Eleanore Prinzessin von Hessen-Darmstadt.^4,5 He married Sophie Dorothea Prinzessin von der Pfalz, daughter of Friedrich V von der Pfalz, King of Bohemia and Elizabeth Stuart, Princess of England, on 30 September 1658 at Castle Chapel, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemburg, Germany.⁵ He died on 23 January 1698 at age 68.⁵ He was buried at Leine Schloss, Chapel, Hannover, Niedersachsen, Germany.⁵ He was buried at Schloss Herrenhausen, Hannover, Niedersachsen, Germany.⁵
     Ernst August I Kurfürst von Hannover was a member of the House of Guelph.⁶ He and Clara Elisabeth Weisenbuch were associated.⁷ He held the office of Prince Bishop of Osnabrück in 1661. He succeeded to the title of Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in 1679.⁵ He succeeded to the title of Herzog von Hannover in 1679.⁵ He was created Kurfürst von Hannover in 1692.⁵

     Georg I Friedrich Karl Herzog von Sachsen-Meiningen und Hildburghausen was born on 4 February 1761. He was the son of Anton Ulric Herzog von Sachsen-Meiningen and Charlotte Amelia Caroline von Hessen-Philippsthal. He married Luise Eleonore Prinzessin zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg, daughter of Christian Albrecht Ludwig II Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg and Karoline Prinzessin zu Stolberg-Gedern, on 27 November 1782 at Langenburg, Baden-Württemburg, Germany.² He died on 24 December 1803 at age 42 at Meiningen, Germany.³
     Georg I Friedrich Karl Herzog von Sachsen-Meiningen und Hildburghausen gained the title of Herzog Georg I von Sachsen-Meiningen und Hildburghausen (styled as Reigning Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and Hildburghausen).³

     Margarita Katherina Elisabeth Prinzessin zu Hohenlohe-Öhringen was born on 28 April 1960.¹ She was the daughter of Kraft Hans Konrad 8th Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Öhringen and Katherina von Siemens.¹ She married Karl-Emich Nikolaus Friedrich Hermann Erbprinz zu Leiningen, son of Emich Cyril Ferdinand Hermann VII Fürst zu Leiningen and Eilika Stephanie Elisabeth Thekla Juliana von Holstein-Gottorp, Duchess of Oldenburg, on 8 June 1984 at Amorbach, Baden-Württemburg, Germany, in a civil marriage. They were remarried 8 days later in a religious ceremony in Neuenstein.¹ She died in February 1989 at age 28, killed in a car accident.
     Margarita Katherina Elisabeth Prinzessin zu Hohenlohe-Öhringen gained the title of Prinzessin zu Hohenlohe-Öhringen.¹

     Friedrich Wilhelm I König von Preußen was born on 15 August 1688.⁴ He was the son of Friedrich I König von Preußen and Sophie Charlotte Hanover, Princess of Hanover.³ He married Sophia Dorothea Hanover, Princess of Great Britain, daughter of George I Louis Hanover, King of Great Britain and Sophie Dorothea Herzogin von Braunschweig-Lüneburg, on 28 November 1706.⁵ He died on 31 May 1740 at age 51 at Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany.⁴ He was buried at Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany.
     Friedrich Wilhelm I König von Preußen was a member of the House of Hohenzollern.³ He gained the title of Kurfürst von Brandenburg.¹ He succeeded to the title of Friedrich Wilhelm I König von Preußen on 25 February 1713.⁴

     Maria Walpole was baptised as a illegitimately on 10 July 1736 at Westminster, London, England.^2,3 She was the daughter of Hon. Sir Edward Walpole and Dorothy Clement.² She married, firstly, James Waldegrave, 2nd Earl of Waldegrave, son of James Waldegrave, 1st Earl Waldegrave and Mary Webbe, on 15 May 1759.² She married, secondly, William Henry Hanover, 1st Duke of Gloucester, son of Frederick Louis Hanover, Prince of Wales and Auguste Prinzessin von Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg, on 6 September 1766.² She died on 22 August 1807 at age 71.⁴ She was buried at St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England.⁴
     As a result of her marriage, Maria Walpole was styled as Countess of Waldegrave on 15 May 1759.²

     Margaret White was the daughter of Richard White and Martha Davis.¹ She married Richard Longfield, 1st Viscount Longueville on 8 November 1756.¹ She died in April 1809.
     From 8 November 1756, her married name became Longfield.¹

     Christian VII Oldenburg, King of Denmark was born on 29 January 1749 at Copenhagen, Denmark.^3,4 He was the son of Frederik V Oldenburg, King of Denmark and Louisa Hanover, Princess of Great Britain and Ireland.¹ He married Caroline Matilda Hanover, Princess of Great Britain and Ireland, daughter of Frederick Louis Hanover, Prince of Wales and Auguste Prinzessin von Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg, on 8 November 1766 at Christiansborg Castle, Copenhagen, Denmark.⁵ He and Caroline Matilda Hanover, Princess of Great Britain and Ireland were divorced on 6 April 1772 on the grounds of Caroline's adultery with Count John Frederick Struensee.⁵ He died on 13 March 1808 at age 59 at Rendsburg, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.⁶
     Christian VII Oldenburg, King of Denmark succeeded to the title of King Christian VII of Denmark on 14 January 1766.⁷

     Richard Longfield, 1st Viscount Longueville was born on 9 October 1734.¹ He married Margaret White, daughter of Richard White and Martha Davis, on 8 November 1756.¹ He died on 23 May 1811 at age 76.¹
     Richard Longfield, 1st Viscount Longueville gained the title of 1st Viscount Longueville.