The House of Brunswick-Lüneburg2
House of Welf - Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Otto I, the Child (1235-1252)
House of Welf
John (1252-1277)
Otto II, the Severe (1277-1330)
Otto III (1330-1352)
William (1330-1369)
Old Line of Brunswick
Albert I, the Great (1252-1279)
Henry the Singular (1279-1286)
William (1279-1292)
Albert II, the Fat (1279-1318)
Otto the Mild (1318-1344)
Ernest (1344-1345)
Magnus I, the Pious (1344-1369)
Magnus II, the Younger (1369-1373)
Frederick (1373-1400)
Middle Line of Lüneburg
Henry I (1388-1416)
William I, the Victorious (1416-1428)
Bernard I (1428-1434)
Frederick the Pious (1434-1441)
Otto I, the Lame (1434-1446)
Frederick the Pious (1446-1458)
Bernard II (1458-1464)
Otto II (1464-1471)
Henry II, the Middle (1471-1522)
Otto III (1522-1527)
Ernest I, the Confessor (1522-1546)
Francis (1536-1539)
Francis Otto (1546-1559)
Middle Line of Brunswick
Bernard I (1388-1428)
William I, the Victorious (1428-1482)
Henry the Pacific (1432-1473)
Frederick (1482-1484)
William II, the Younger (1482-1495)
Line of Calenberg
Erik I, the Elder (1495-1540)
Erik II, the Younger (1540-1584)
Line of Wolfenbüttel
Henry I, the Elder (1495-1514)
Henry II, the Younger (1514-1568)
Julius (1568-1589)
Henry Julius (1589-1613)
Frederick Ulrich (1613-1634)
New Line of Lüneburg
William the Younger (1559-1592)
Ernest II (1592-1611)
Christian (1611-1633)
Augustus the Elder (1633-1636)
George (1636-1641)
Frederick (1636-1648)
Christian Louis (1641-1665)
George William (1648-1705)
John Frederick (1665-1679)
Electors of Hanover
Ernest Augustus (1679-1698)
George Louis (1698-1727)
Union with England (1727-1837)
Kings of Hanover
Ernest Augustus (1837-1851)
George V (1851-1866)
Union with Prussia in 1866
New Line of Brunswick - Dukes of Brunswick
Henry (1559-1598)
Julius Ernest (1598-1636)
Augustus the Younger (1636-1666)
Rudolf Augustus (1666-1704)
Anthony Ulrich (1704-1714)
Augustus William (1714-1731)
Louis Rudolf (1731-1735)
Line of Bevern
Ferdinand Albert (1735)
Charles I (1735-1780)
Charles William Ferdinand (1780-1806)
Frederick William (1806-1815)
Charles II (1815-1830)
William (1830-1884)
Albert of Prussia (1885-1906)
John Albert of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1907-1913)
Line of Hanover
Ernest Augustus (1913-1918)
Proclamation of a Republic in 1918
The House of Hesse2
Landgraves of Hesse
Henry I, the Child (1264-1308)
Henry the Younger (1284-1298, co-regent)
John (1308-1311)
Otto (1308-1328)
Henry II, the Iron (1328-1376)
Herman the Learned (1376-1413)
Louis II, the Peaceful (1413-1458)
Old Line of Upper Hesse
Henry III, the Rich (1458-1483)
William III, the Younger (1483-1500)
Old Line of Lower Hesse
Louis III, the Frank (1458-1471)
William I, the Elder (1471-1493)
Landgraves of Hesse
William II, the Middle (1493-1509)
Philip the Magnanimous (1509-1567)
Line of Cassel
William IV, the Wise (1567-1592)
Maurice the Learned (1592-1627)
William V, the Constant (1627-1637)
William VI, the Just (1637-1663)
William VII (1663-1670)
Charles (1670-1730)
Frederick I (1730-1751)
William VIII (1751-1760)
Frederick II (1760-1785)
Electors of Hesse
William IX (I) (1785-1821)
William II (1821-1847)
Frederick William I (1847-1866)
Line of Darmstadt
George I, the Pious (1567-1596)
Louis V, the Faithful (1596-1626)
George II (1626-1661)
Louis VI (1661-1678)
Louis VII (1678)
Ernest Louis (1678-1739)
Louis VIII (1739-1768)
Louis IX (1768-1790)
Grand Dukes of Hesse
Louis X (I) (1790-1830)
Louis II (1830-1848)
Louis III (1848-1877)
Louis IV (1877-1892)
Ernest Louis (1892-1918)
Proclamation of a Republic in 1918
The House of Hohenzollern3
Electors of Brandenburg
Frederick I (1415-1440)
Frederick the Fat (1440-1463)
Frederick II, the Iron Margrave (1440-1470)
Albert Achilles (1470-1486)
John Cicero (1486-1499)
Joachim I, Nestor (1499-1535)
John (1535-1571)
Joachim II, Hector (1535-1571)
John George (1571-1598)
Joachim Frederick (1598-1608)
John Sigismund (1608-1620)
George William (1620-1640)
Frederick William (1640-1688)
Kings of Prussia
Frederick III (I) (1688-1713)
Frederick William I (1713-1740)
Frederick II, the Great (1740-1786)
Frederick William II (1786-1797)
Frederick William III (1797-1840)
Frederick William IV (1840-1861)
German Emperors
William I (1861-1888)
Frederick III (1888)
William II (1888-1918)
Proclamation of a Republic in 1918
Dukes of Prussia
Albert (1525-1568)
Albert Frederick (1568-1618)
Union with Brandenburg
House of Liectenstein6
Margraves of Baden
John Adam I (1699-1712)
Joseph Wenceslas (1712-1718)
Margraves of Baden
Anthony Florian (1718-1721)
Joseph John (1721-1732)
John Charles (1732-1748)
Joseph Wenceslas (1748-1772)
Francis Joseph I (1772-1781)
Aloysius I (1781-1805)
John I (1805-1836)
Aloysius II (1836-1858)
John II, the Good (1858-1929)
Francis I (1929-1938)
Francis Joseph II (1928-1989)
John Adam II (1989- , regent 1984-1989)
The House of Wettin4
Electors of Saxony
Frederick I, the Warlike (1423-1428)
Frederick the Gentle (1428-1464)
Ernestine Line - Electors of Saxony
Ernest (1464-1486)
Frederick III, the Wise (1486-1525)
John the Constant (1525-1532)
John Frederick the magnanimous (1532-1547)
Albertine Line - Electors of Saxony
Albert the Bold (1464-1500)
George the Bearded (1500-1539)
Henry the Pious (1539-1541)
Electors of Saxony
Maurice (1541-1553)
Augustus (1553-1586)
Christian I (1586-1591)
Christian II (1591-1611)
John George I (1611-1656)
John George II (1656-1680)
John George III (1680-1691)
John George IV (1691-1694)
Frederick Augustus I, the Strong (1694-1733)
Frederick Augustus II (1733-1763)
Frederick Christian (1763)
Kings of Saxony
Frederick Augustus III (I) (1763-1827)
Anthony (1827-1836)
Frederick Augustus II (1836-1854)
John (1854-1873)
Albert (1873-1902)
George (1902-1904)
Frederick Augustus III (1904-1918)
Proclamation of a Republic in 1918
Wittelsbachs of Bavaria5
Dukes of Bavaria
Otto I (1180-1183)
Louis I, the Kelheimer (1183-1231)
Otto II, the Noble (1231-1253)
Line of Lower Bavaria
Henry XIII (1253-1290)
Louis III (1290-1296)
Stephen I (1296-1309)
Otto III (1290-1312)
Otto IV (1309-1334)
Henry XIV, the Elder (1309-1339)
Henry XIII (921-929)
Henry XV, the Natternberger (1312-1333)
John I, the Child (1339-1340)
Line of Upper Bavaria
Louis II, the Severe (1253-1294)
Rudolf I (1294-1317)
Dukes of Bavaria
Louis IV, the Bavarian (1294-1347)
Line of Upper Bavaria
Louis VI, the Roman (1347-1351)
Otto V (1347-1351)
Louis V, the Brandenburger (1347-1361)
Meinhard (1361-1363)
Line of Lower Bavaria-Straubing
William I (1347-1358)
Albert I (1347-1404)
Albert II (1387-1397)
John III (1404-1425)
Line of Lower Bavaria-Landshut
Stephen II (1347-1375)
Frederick (1375-1393)
Henry XVI, the Rich (1393-1450)
Louis IX, the Rich (1450-1479)
George, the Rich (1479-1503)
Line of Lower Bavaria-Ingolstadt
Stephen III, the Magnificent (1375-1413)
Louis VII, the Beaded (1413-1443)
Louis VIII, the Younger (1443-1445)
Line of Lower Bavaria-Munich
John II (1375-1397)
William III (1397-1435)
Ernest (1397-1438)
Albert III, the Pious (1438-1460)
John IV (1460-1463)
Sigismund (1460-1467)
Dukes of Bavaria
Albert IV, the Wise (1465-1508)
William IV (1508-1550)
Louis X (1516-1545)
Albert V (1550-1579)
William V, the Pious (1579-1597)
Electors of Bavaria
Maximilian I (1597-1651)
Ferdinand Maria (1651-1679)
Maximilian II Emanuel (1679-1726)
Charles Albert (1726-1745)
Maximilian III Joseph (1745-1777)
Line of Sulzbach
Charles Theodore (1777-1799)
Line of Zweibrücken - Kings of Bavaria
Maximilian IV (I) Joseph (1799-1825)
Louis I (1825-1848)
Maximilian II (1848-1864)
Louis II (1864-1886)
Luitpold (regent: 1886-1912)
Otto (1886-1913)
Louis III (1913-1918)
Proclamation of the Republic in 1918
Wittelsbachs of the Palatinate6
Electors of the Palatinate
Rudolf II (1329-1353)
Rupert I (1353-1390)
Rupert II (1390-1398)
Rupert III (1398-1410)
Louis III (1410-1436)
Louis IV, the Gentle (1436-1449)
Frederick I, the Victorious (1452-1476, regent: 1449-1452)
Philip the Upright (1476-1508)
Louis V (1508-1544)
Frederick II (1544-1556)
Otto Henry (1556-1559)
Line of Simmern
Frederick III, the Pious (1559-1576)
Louis VI (1576-1583)
Frederick IV (1583-1610)
Frederick V, the Winter King (1610-1623)
Electorate awarded to Bavaria (1623-1648)
Charles I Louis (1648-1680)
Charles II (1680-1685)
Line of Neuberg
Philip William (1685-1690)
John William (1690-1716)
Charles III Philip (1716-1742)
Line of Sulzbach
Charles IV Theodore (1742-1799)
Unified with Bavaria in 1777
House of Württemberg6
Counts of Württemberg
Ulrich I, the Founder (1241-1265)
Ulrich II (1265-1279)
Eberhard I, the Noble (1279-1325)
Ulrich III (1325-1344)
Ulrich IV (1344-1362)
Eberhard II, the Quarrelsome (1344-1362)
Eberhard III, the Mild (1392-1417)
Eberhard IV, the Younger (1417-1419)
Line of Stuttgart
Ulrich V, the Beloved (1419-1480)
Eberhard VI, the Younger (1480-1482)
Line of Urach
Louis I, the Elder (1419-1450)
Louis II, the Younger (1450-1457)
Dukes of Württemberg
Eberhard V (I), the Bearded (1457-1496)
Eberhard II, the Younger (1496-1498)
Ulrich (1498-1550)
Christopher (1550-1568)
Louis (1568-1593)
Frederick I of Mömpelgard (1593-1608)
John Frederick (1608-1628)
Eberhard III (1628-1674)
William Louis (1674-1677)
Eberhard Louis (1677-1733)
Charles Alexander (1733-1737)
Charles Eugene (1737-1793)
Louis Eugene (1793-1795)
Frederick Eugene (1795-1797)
Kings of Württemberg
Frederick II (I) (1797-1816)
William I (1816-1864)
Charles (1864-1891)
William II (1891-1918)
Proclamation of the Republic in 1918
House of Zähringen6
Margraves of Baden
Herman I (1064-1073)
Herman II (1073-1130)
Herman III (1130-1160)
Herman IV (1160-1190)
Herman V (1190-1243)
Herman VI (1243-1250)
Rudolf I (1243-1288)
Frederick I (1250-1268)
Herman VII (1288-1291)
Rudolf II (11288-1295)
Hesso (1288-1297)
Rudolf III (1288-1332)
Frederick II (1291-1333)
Rudolf IV (1291-1348)
Rudolf Hesso (1297-1335)
Herman VIII (1333-1353)
Frederick III, the Pacific (1348-1353)
Rudolf V (1348-1361)
Rudolf VI (1353-1372)
Rudolf VII (1372-1391)
Bernard I (1372-1431)
James I (1431-1453)
George (1453-1454)
Bernard II (1453-1458)
Charles I (1453-1475)
Christopher I (1475-1515)
Philip I (1515-1533)
Line of Baden
Bernard III (1515-1536)
Christopher II (1536-1556)
Philibert (1536-1569)
Philip II (1569-1588)
Edward Fortunatus (1588-1594)
United with Baden-Duralch (1594-1622)
William (1622-1677)
Louis William (1677-1707)
Louis George (1707-1761)
Augustus George (1761-1771)
Line of Durlach
Ernest (1515-1552)
Bernard IV (1552-1553)
Charles II (1552-1577)
James III (1577-1590)
Ernest Frederick (1577-1604)
George Frederick (1577-1622)
Ernest James (1590-1591)
Frederick V (1622-1659)
Frederick VI (1659-1677)
Frederick Magnus (1677-1709)
Charles William (1709-1738)
Grand Dukes of Baden
Charles Frederick (1738-1811)
Charles (1811-1818)
Louis I (1818-1830)
Leopold (1830-1852)
Louis II (1852-1856)
Frederick I (1856-1907)
Frederick II (1907-1918)
Proclamation of the Republic in 1918
- [S38] John Morby, Dynasties of the World (Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 1989), page 122-124.
- [S38] ibid., pages 135-136.
- [S38] ibid., page 137.
- [S38] ibid., page 138.
- [S38] ibid., pages 139-140.
- [S38] ibid., page 141.
Morby gives all names and titles in English, rather than the original German.
